Useful functions

Useful functionsUseful functionsUseful functionsUseful functionsUseful functionsUseful functionsUseful functionsUseful functionsUseful functionsUseful functionsUseful functionsUseful functionsUseful functionsUseful functionsUseful functionsUseful functionsUseful functionsUseful functionsUseful functionsUseful functionsUseful functionsUseful functionsUseful functionsUseful functionsUseful functionsUseful functionsUseful functionsUseful functionsUseful functionsUseful functionsUseful functionsUseful functionsUseful functions